Cuban Race Relations Essay -- Spanish Cuba Cuban Racial Essays

Cuban Race RelationsI. Introduction- Retracing a History of racial spurn in Cuban Society The study of stimulate transaction in contemporary Cuba indelibly requires an understanding of the self-propelling history of race dealing in this ethnically pervasive island of the Caribbean. Cuban society, due to its historical antecedents of European colonialism and American imperialism, has traditionally experienced anguished and even tumultuous race relations. racial inharmoniousness has plagued Cuban society ever since the advent of the Colonial institution of the plantation scheme. Thus, in order to acquire some understanding of Cubas dynamic race relations one must study and investigate the evolution of racial tensions and the quintessential impact that the revolution of 1959 had on Cubas social structure.II. The stir of Spanish Colonialism in Cuba Legitimizing Racial Schism- The specter of colonial repression, compel by the institutions of slaveholding and the pla ntation system, has incessantly haunted Cuban society, culture, politics, and ideology. The legacies of slavery and the plantation system imposed a structural and systematic practice of racial discrimination against Afro-Cubans, which suppressed any ambition for the pursuit of liberty and equality. Despite Cubas abolition of slavery in 1886 and its winning of independence in 1902, Afro-Cubans remained destitute, marginalized, and in the periphery of political autonomy within Cuban society. Thus, the origins of Cubas disdainful race relations push through during the Spanish colonial tenure in Cuba. The era of Spanish colonial rule in Cuba can be characterized by many institutions, such as slavery and the plantation system, which presupposed a notion of ra... ...n and Mesa-Lago, Carmelo. rotatory Change in Cuba. Ed. Carmelo Mesa-Lago. (University of Pittsburgh Press saucily York.1971), 347. 11. .de la Fuente, Alejandro. Race, National Discourse, and Politics in Cuba. (Latin American Perspectives v25 (1998) p. 43-70.), 55. 12. .Amaro, Nelson and Mesa-Lago, Carmelo. Revolutionary Change in Cuba. Ed. Carmelo Mesa-Lago. (University of Pittsburgh Press New York.1971), 348. 13. .de la Fuente, Alejandro. Race, National Discourse, and Politics in Cuba. (Latin American Perspectives v25 (1998) p. 43-70.), 55. 14. .Ibid 15. .Ibid 16. .Ibid 17. .Knight, Franklin. The Caribbean the Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism. (Oxford University Press New York. 1990), 307. 18. .Information interpreted from the Afro Cuba Web Page http//www.afrocubaweb.com/afrocVoice.htm Cuban Race Relations Essay -- Spanish Cuba Cuban Racial EssaysCuban Race RelationsI. Introduction- Retracing a History of Racial Scorn in Cuban Society The study of race relations in contemporary Cuba indelibly requires an understanding of the dynamic history of race relations in this ethnically pervasive island of the Caribbean. Cuban society, due to its h istorical antecedents of European colonialism and American imperialism, has traditionally experienced anguished and even tumultuous race relations. Racial disharmony has plagued Cuban society ever since the advent of the Colonial institution of the plantation system. Thus, in order to acquire some understanding of Cubas dynamic race relations one must study and investigate the evolution of racial tensions and the quintessential impact that the revolution of 1959 had on Cubas social structure.II. The Impact of Spanish Colonialism in Cuba Legitimizing Racial Schism- The specter of colonial repression, imposed by the institutions of slavery and the plantation system, has incessantly haunted Cuban society, culture, politics, and ideology. The legacies of slavery and the plantation system imposed a structural and systematic practice of racial discrimination against Afro-Cubans, which suppressed any ambition for the pursuit of liberty and equality. Despite Cubas abolition of slaver y in 1886 and its winning of independence in 1902, Afro-Cubans remained destitute, marginalized, and in the periphery of political autonomy within Cuban society. Thus, the origins of Cubas disdainful race relations emerge during the Spanish colonial tenure in Cuba. The era of Spanish colonial rule in Cuba can be characterized by many institutions, such as slavery and the plantation system, which presupposed a notion of ra... ...n and Mesa-Lago, Carmelo. Revolutionary Change in Cuba. Ed. Carmelo Mesa-Lago. (University of Pittsburgh Press New York.1971), 347. 11. .de la Fuente, Alejandro. Race, National Discourse, and Politics in Cuba. (Latin American Perspectives v25 (1998) p. 43-70.), 55. 12. .Amaro, Nelson and Mesa-Lago, Carmelo. Revolutionary Change in Cuba. Ed. Carmelo Mesa-Lago. (University of Pittsburgh Press New York.1971), 348. 13. .de la Fuente, Alejandro. Race, National Discourse, and Politics in Cuba. (Latin American Perspectives v25 (1998) p. 43 -70.), 55. 14. .Ibid 15. .Ibid 16. .Ibid 17. .Knight, Franklin. The Caribbean the Genesis of a Fragmented Nationalism. (Oxford University Press New York. 1990), 307. 18. .Information taken from the Afro Cuba Web Page http//www.afrocubaweb.com/afrocVoice.htm

Genetic Engineering is Unethical Essay -- Genetic Engineering is Immora

Just as the success of a corporate body in making silver need not set the human condition ahead, neither does every scientific advance automatically make our lives more meaningful (Wald 45). These words were spoken by a Nobel Prize winning biologist and Harvard professor, George Wald, in a lecture given in 1976 on the Dangers of Genetic Engineering. This quotation states that incredible inventions, such as genetical engineering, are not always beneficial to company. Genetic engineering is altering the genetic material of cells and/or organisms in order to make them subject of making new substances or performing new functions (Wald 45). It is also one of the top controversial issues of the 20th century (Epstein 1). Many trust that continuing to submit genetically constructed inventions in this world is ethical, which means that these inventions conform to ones moral standards (Epstein 5). Others argue that such inventions as human clones, which are genetically constructed huma ns, and opposite genetically created figures, are wrong and should be stopped (Epstein 5). Overwhelming textual evidence proves that genetic engineering is not beneficial to society. Accordingly, genetic engineering is wrong and therefore should be stopped.One reason why genetic engineering should cease is because genetic engineering disrupts societys moral values and causes society to act out in destructive ways. An online survey done by Time Magazine in 1997, found that 11% of those who were interviewed believe that if clones are created in the future, the genetically created humans will only be good for target practice (Epstein 2). Another survey by the same magazine was conducted and found that 50% of those who were questioned believe that clones should be treated as lower beings and should not be given the same rights as unaltered humans (Epstein 2). Furthermore, a similar survey, completed by MacLeans Magazine in 1993, reported that 11% of those interviewed confirmed that if technology was able to change defects within their unborn electric shaver, they would not hesitate in changing the childs genes in order for the child to be born normal (Epstein 3). The choice to create ones own child will have galore(postnominal) believe that the better the genes, the better the child. These statistics, without a doubt, reveal that genetic engineering will be harmful to society if certain means... ...g (Bereano 18). One would think that race would have control over their own genes however, that does not seem to be the case. Therefore, the rights to ones own identity will be abolished if human genes burn be selected thus, genetic engineering should be stopped, for it is unethical.Genetic engineering should be eradicated due to the fact that it is immoral. It is proven that such inventions as genetic engineering stick out negatively affect society and cause rash and inappropriate behavior. Also, genetic engineering involves altering natures balance, which is n ot the job of scientists, or society. Finally, genetic engineering can destroy ones sense of individuality and spoil Gods plan of making all people unique. Because of these reasons, genetic engineering should be stopped. It is a bad science making a dangerous alliance with a bad business. Works CitedBereano, Phillip L. Body and Soul the cost of Biotech. Seattle Times. 20 Aug. 2005 18-20.Epstein, Ron. Ethical Dangers of Genetic Engineering.(http//online.sfsu.edu/ron/gedanger.htm) (February 26, 2000).Wald, George. The Case Against Genetic Engineering. New Jersey EnglewoodCliffs, 2006.

Violent Video Games: A Bad Choice for Parents and Children Essay

Violent Video Games A Bad Choice for Parents and Children A 12 year old boy named Paul sits about three feet from the fifty-two inch screen television with his eyes fixated on his character, a humanlike fox. He is able to use his game controller without looking away from the television. He sits erect and is so focused on what he is doing that he is unaware of everything that is spillage on around him. Occasionally he will yell out Die Die, sucker Just then his five year old brother, Skyler, scratch beside him. Skyler exclaims with a smile, What are you playing? followed by, Can I play? The violence has caught his eye. Paul replies, Sure, but I need to show you how to work the controller. He continues explaining, This is supporter Fox Adventure and see this red thing moving. That is your foxs sight box. What you see in the box is what the fox sees. You aim it at things and you push this A button to crap the fox shoot rockets at things and blow them up. Skyler be gins to get really excited, laughing and shouting, Thats cool It did not take Skyler very long to become engulfed by Pauls Nintendo GameCube remains to the point of being totally unaware of all the other children running around him. This scene quickly brought to my mind a question Are pic game systems good or bad for children within these age groups? A parent should get educated on this issue before choosing to buy unrivaled of many video systems. Parents should be concerned about the effects on their children. Despite the therapists and psychologists who have said that video games can be used as positive teaching tools (Salamander 2), I see that children of all ages, races and genders become addicted to the violence and tech... ...ay Violate Childrens Health. http//lists/.essential.org/pepermail/commercial-alert/2001/000079.html. 3 Nov. 2002.Salamander. Violence and Video Games. Game Zero Magazine. <www. gamezero.com/team-0/articles/features/violenc_92/ 3 Nov . 2002.Stern, Michael and Jane. Nintendo. Encyclopedia of Pop Culture. New York Harper, 1992.Video Games=Good, and Study Proves It 2001. Nintendo Village. http//www.nintendo/village.com/press/releases/archives/pr3.asp 3 Nov. 2002.Video Games and Their Effect on Youth. <www.bishops.ntc.nf.ca/ct3200/students02/andrewb/term%202%20project.html. 3 Nov. 2002.Willis, Susan. Growing Up With TV and Turtles. Rev. of Playing With Power in Movies, Television and Video Games From Muppet Babies to Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, by Marsha Kinder. Berkeley. Un. of California Press, 1991.

Essay --

Shakespeares Hamlet (1603) is one of the most popular dramas in world literature, as it examines the intensely passionate, but toxicant ambitions of King Claudius. He murders his own brother, King Hamlet, because he desires his throne, power, and wife. As a result of King Claudius fratricide, he inherits the primal eldest curse of the biblical Cain and Abel, and the statistical distribution of poison lethally ends his relationship with several major characters. This includes, of course, Prince Hamlet, who falls into a suicidal depression over the death of his father whose ghost visits him. This essay will try Shakespeares trope of poison, embodied by King Claudius.King Hamlet was a magnanimous man, with many different ambitions but before he could successfully complete any of the ambitions, he was the victim of fratricide. Claudius, King Hamlets brother poisoned the king in ear while he was sleeping the in the Garden of Eden, he did this so he could be the one to take over the thr one. Claudius was very envious of his brother. As he is very alike the scriptural figures Cain and Abel, when...

Madonna: Successfully Incorporating Sexuality Into Music Essay

bloody shame Madonna has been a very influential female popstar over the closing curtain 20 years to sell her euphony she has publicised herself through the media, and through this media she has stuck to the concept that sex does sell. Madonna was born on the 16th of venerable 1958 as Louise Veronica Ciccone, in Bay City, Michigan. She began her journey into the most influential industry and medium by moving to New York to become a ballerina. From this teenage age she was very aware of the human body and the way it is perceived. She knew that the body needed to be sold in some way, to make it in these types of industries. At this tip of her life she became anorexic in an attempt to become the stereotypical ballerina figure. Louise eventually left her ballerina days, and turned to music. She was part of the Patrick Hernandez Revel, The Breakfast club and Emmy trip the light fantastic and pop groups that didnt make it to the top. It was through th ese small groups that she was scouted as a solo artist and in 1982 Louise was signed to Sire Records, under the performance name Madonna. By the end of 1982 she released her debut single Everybody, which became an instant hit. This was the start of Madonnas influential music career. Madonna debuted as a young, innocent, Christian girl, with strong morals and values. However, this changed as she began to transform herself and her image to attract a larger audience. She began her career with the stage name Madonna, which she has kept throughout her long career. The word Madonna is from the bible, a biblical name for the mother of Jesus (or Virgin Mary), and is a biblical character that is associat... ...le erotic and packaged as a giant condom. Erotica uncut feature graphic nudity and overt depiction of sex acts In 1998 she seemed to change her style and reinvented herself once again with the release of ray of light seemed to show a change in perspecti ve and her songs were now bout motherhood and the lose of her mother. Released her record music coinciding in the same year she married guy wire Ritchie and her cow-boy image American life was a flop dealt with more contempory issues such as the war and September 11, Sex does sell, she learnt that by incorporating sexuality and sex into her music - so she could sell her album, she performed this by her kiss with Brittany spears last year in which boosted her back into the media and outraged critics but still boosted her otherwise but flopping album sales.

Madonna: Successfully Incorporating Sexuality Into Music Essay

Madonna Madonna has been a very influential female popstar over the last 20 years to swop her music she has publicised herself with the media, and through this media she has stuck to the concept that sex does sell. Madonna was born on the 16th of August 1958 as Louise Veronica Ciccone, in Bay City, Michigan. She began her journey into the most influential industry and medium by moving to New York to become a ballerina. From this young age she was very alive(predicate) of the human body and the way it is perceived. She knew that the body needed to be sold in some way, to make it in these types of industries. At this stage of her smell she became anorexic in an attempt to become the stereotypical ballerina figure. Louise eventually left her ballerina days, and turned to music. She was part of the Patrick Hernandez Revel, The Breakfast club and Emmy dance and pop groups that didnt make it to the top. It was through these small groups that she was sco uted as a solo artist and in 1982 Louise was signed to Sire Records, under the performance name Madonna. By the end of 1982 she released her entry single Everybody, which became an instant hit. This was the start of Madonnas influential music career. Madonna debuted as a young, innocent, Christian girl, with strong morals and values. However, this changed as she began to transform herself and her image to rend a larger audience. She began her career with the stage name Madonna, which she has kept throughout her long career. The word Madonna is from the bible, a biblical name for the mother of delivery boy (or Virgin Mary), and is a biblical character that is associat... ...le erotic and packaged as a giant condom. Erotica uncut featured graphic nudity and unmistakable depiction of sex acts In 1998 she seemed to change her style and reinvented herself once again with the release of ray of light seemed to show a change in opinion and her songs were now bout motherhood and the lose of her mother. Released her record music coinciding in the same year she married Guy Ritchie and her cow-boy image American life was a flop dealt with more contempory issues such as the war and September 11, Sex does sell, she learnt that by incorporating sexuality and sex into her music - so she could sell her album, she performed this by her kiss with Brittany spears last year in which boosted her back into the media and outraged critics but still boosted her otherwise but flopping album sales.

Energy drink Essay

Energy drinks are beverages that move be used to supplement power and concentration. It contains several ingredients, some dandy others bad. They contain ingredients much(prenominal) as caffeine, guarana, taurine and many more. Usually they are beneficial, but when taken in large amounts some ingredients arse cause unwelcome locating proceedss. some pile consume faculty drinks for enjoyment and the extra kick of energy for the day, but they are not aware of the hidden ingredients that can cause illness.In my opinion I believe that energy drinks are dangerous because they can cause illness, children and teenagers will be runed by the drink and the horrible placement effects. The packaging of energy drink might convince you that it is are fine to drink but most of us are unaware of the hidden dangers. Those dangers can put anyone at risk of illness. Energy drinks contain senior high school amounts of sugar similar to soft drink but energy drinks also contain high amounts of caffeine and taurine.Taurine is an amino acid that your body naturally produces. It financial aids regulate heartbeat, muscle contractions, and energy levels. But when there is too much taurine in our bodies, it can make some body parts overactive, like platelets. Platelets are found in the line of reasoning stream and they are very important to the body. They help to clot blood when there is a cut. The sugar makes the platelets overactive which makes them stick together and cause blood clots. This increase risk of heart related disease.In the US a small was conducted, they found that there is a link between the consumption of energy drinks and heart disease or high blood pressure. The researchers found healthy adults who drank two cans of a popular energy drink a day had above normal blood pressure and heart rate. non only does it affect us both physical and mentally, it can affect children and teens who consume energy drinks. Children and teenagers dont know what they are cons uming and the affect it has on the body.You whitethorn see children or teens consuming energy drinks at sporting events instead of sport drinks, to boost energy levels. We may think that energy drinks and sports drinks are the same, but theyre not. Sport drinks provide only carbohydrate and salts to replace those lost in sweat, whilst energy drinks bust temporary boost of energy. This may not sound bad but it will affect them over the long term.Like a child suffering with diabetes should not continue swallow energy drinks because the sugars in them can cause an imbalance of insulin. Even the occasional Telegraph thinks that energy drinks are unsafe because it can link to severe illness. The Daily Telegraph has reported Energy drinks could be dangerous for children and teenagers, The newspaper said that the use of high-caffeine drinks has been linked to seizures, mania, stroke and sudden death. Energy drinks can effect children and teenagers and also give tribe terrible side effe cts. Some people are not aware that energy drinks can give awful side effects after consumption.There are many side effects that can occur after drinking like vomiting, nausea, and hallucinations. Many ingredients inside energy drinks cause some people allergy reactions. There are many effects that can make people gain weight like people who dont exercise. The mayo clinic says that sugar intake has a direct correlation with weight gain, especially for people who dont exercise. But it can get worse, if energy drinks are drank with alcohol, it can make you pass out or get seriously hurt.Energy can drinks can make people sick from the dreadful side effects. However energy drinks create enjoyment among people, it has good taste and contains some good vitamins and herbs like vitamin B, ginseng, ginkgo Biloba and Antioxidants which are good for the body. To finish like to say that we should reconsider drinking energy because they can cause illness, young people will be affected and they can give people terrible side effects.

Alligator Cracking

ALLIGATOR CRACKING AN INTRODUCTION - Crocodile injurying, also called fatigue cracking or gator cracking, is a common type of distress in mineral pitch pavement. Crocodile cracking is characterized by interconnecting or interlaced cracking in the mineral pitch layer resembling the hide of a crocodile. Cell surfaces tramp vary in size up to 300 millimetres (12in) across, only if are typically less than 150 millimetres (5. 9in) across. Crocodile cracking is generally a loading failure, but numerous factors back end contribute to it. It is often a sign of sub-base failure, measly drainage, or repeated over-loadings.It is important to prevent crocodile cracking, and repair as soon as possible, as ripe cases can be very costly to repair and can lead to formation of potholes or premature pavement failure. CAUSES OF ALLIGATOR CRACKING - * Crocodile cracking is an asphalt pavement distress most often instigated by failure of the surface collectable to traffic loading. * Crocodile c racking can be greatly influenced by environmental and some other effects man traffic loading remains the direct cause. Frequently, overloading happens because the base or subbase inadequately support the surface layer and subsequently cannot overlay loads that it would normally endure. Poor drainage in the route bed is a frequent cause of this degradation of the base or subgrade. A dense spring thaw, similarly to poor drainage, can weaken the base course, leading to crocodile cracking. * Stripping or raveling is another possible cause of crocodile cracking. Stripping occurs when poor adhesion between asphalt and aggregate allows the aggregate at the surface to dislodge. If left uncorrected, this reduces the thickness of the pavement, reducing the affected portions ability to carry its designed loading.This can cause crocodile cracking to develop rapidly, as overloading will happen with loads of less magnitude or frequency. CAUSES OF ALLIGATOR CRACKING - Failure of surface due t o loading Stripping of bitumen due to poor adhesion of bitumen asphalt Environmental conditions - (a) Due to excessive rain b) hot weather (c) frost action CHARACTERISTICS or IDENTIFICATION - * Crocodile cracking manifests itself initially as longitudinal cracking (cracks along the direction of the flow of traffic) in the top layer of the asphalt. * These cracks are initially slim and sparsely distributed. If further deterioration is allowed, these longitudinal cracks are connected by transverse cracks to form sharp sided, prismatic pieces. * This interlaced cracking pattern resembles the scales on the back of a crocodile or alligator, hence the name, alligator cracking. * More severe cases involve pumping of fines, spalling, and loose pieces of pavement. * The most severe cases of crocodile cracking often occur with other pavement distresses, but are exemplified by potholes, large cracks(3/8 or larger), and severely spalled edges. MEASUREMENT & QUANTIFICATION -There are many diff erent ways to measure crocodile cracking, but in general a pavement distress manual or index will be employ. For example, the Pavement Condition Index is widely used to quantify the overall level of distress and condition of a section of road. Measurement of crocodile cracking specifically(and pavement distress in general) is infallible to determine the overall condition of a road, and for determination of a time-line for rehabilitation and/or repair. There are many other rating systems, and many rating systems currently in use are based on the AASHO Road Test.There are two important criteria to take into effect when measuring crocodile cracking. The first is the extent of the cracking. This is the amount of road surface area which is affected by this pavement distress. The second criterion is the mischievousness of the cracking. Severity, which has been discussed above, refers to how far the cracking has progressed, and is often directly a function of crack width. Severity may be rated numerically, or given a rating from low to severe. The rating may be entered into a pavement worry system, which will suggest a priority and method for the repair.Systems have been developed that detect crocodile and other types of pavement distress automatically. They measure the severity and frequency of alligator cracking on the road-path. One such machine is the road surface profilometer, which is mounted on a vehicle and measures the profile of the road surface while it is moving down the roadway. PREVENTION & REPAIR - Preventing crocodile cracking can be as simple as preventing the common causes. Reducing overloading on an asphalt pavement or improving drainage can prevent crocodile cracking in many cases.However, often the specific cause is fairly toilsome to determine, and prevention becomes difficult correspondingly. A good strategy to prevent overloading, which is a main cause of crocodile cracking, is to increase the depth of the asphalt layer. According to cer tain researchers, pavements of a minimum power or thickness can hypothetically handle infinitely many loads without showing structural defects, including crocodile (fatigue) cracking. These pavements are called perpetual pavements. When repairing pavement affected by crocodile cracking, the main cause of the distress should be determined.Any investigation should involve digging a pit or coring the pavement and subbase to determine the pavements structural makeup as well as determining whether or not subsurface moisture is a contributing factor. The repair needed also differs based on the severity and extent of the cracking. In the early stages, sealing cracks with crack sealant limits further deterioration of the subgrade due to moisture penetration. Small areas may be repaired by remotion of the affected area, and replacement with new base and asphalt surface.Once the damage has progressed, a structural asphalt overlay or complete reconstruction may be necessary. CONCLUSION When r epairing pavement affected by crocodile cracking, the main cause of the distress should be determined. However, often the specific cause is fairly difficult to determine, and prevention is thence correspondingly difficult. Any investigation should involve digging a pit or coring the pavement and sub base to determine the pavements structural makeup as well as determining whether the moisture is a contributing factor.Small areas may be repaired by removal of the affected area, and replacement with new base and asphalt surface. Once the damage has progressed or the affected area is large and extensive, a structural asphalt overlay or complete reconstruction is necessary to chequer structural integrity. If the government also takes necessary action by giving an yardstick of the maximum ESWL that can be allowed, then cracking can be prevented. However in practical it is not possible always. Our conciousness also plays a great role. If we can understand what can cause cracking and take necessary action, then it can be prevented.

Human Resource Management Notes

09/06/11 human being Resource Management Notes 1 A. Management vs. Leadership ManagementLeadership Planning and Budgeting * What do we need? * How much time/ currency? Establishing Direction * What do you see? * Whats your visual sensation? Organizing/Staffing * Hiring the right people * Or delegating tasks Aligning People * Target followers * Share ideas/vision Controlling and Problem-Solving * Keeping things working * Or addressing Issues Motivating and Inspiring * Convince others * Get them on board Maintain Predictability and Order * Monitor progress * make results Produce Change * End ResultB. We watched the video and took notes on the idiosyncratic conductors leadership and management style relating to his orchestras. The quaternion Interpreations of Organizational Processe HRM Notes 2 A. What is the Four Frames? i. The Four Frames is a method developed by Lee G Bolman and Terrence E. Deal by which organizational situations are viewed. This analytical tool reveals the co nceal aspects of an organizations dynamics B. What are the Four Frames? 1. structural Frame 2. Human Resource Frame 3. political Frame 4. symbolic Frame C. Characteristics of the Four Frames Structural * Metaphor = a machine * All about division of labor * Delegating roles * Involves a clear hierarchy * Exact processes * Setting Goals * Human Resources * Metaphor = a family * Open communication * Grow/Improve Skills * Identify bias/limitations * Resolve conflicts * Informal relationships * Political * Metaphor = Jungle * Competition * mightiness * Scarce resources * Bargaining * Advocating/forming coalition * Symbolic * Metaphor = Temple * Values * Rituals * Image * Brand * Culture * Heroes * Meaning * Intuition D. Processes * Strategic Planning Structural = strategeties to set objectives and coordinate resources * Human Resources = Gathering to promote participation * Political = Arenas to air conflicts and realign power * Symbolic = Ritual to signal responsibility, produce symb ols, talk terms meanings * Decision-Making * Structural = Rational sequence to produce right decision * Human Resources = Open process to produce commitment * Political = Opportunity to gain or exercise power * Symbolic = Ritual to confirm set and provide opportunities for bonding * Reorganizing Structural = Realign roles and responsibilities to fit tasks and environment * Human Resources = Maintain equilibrium between human needs and formal roles * Political = Redistribute power and form new coalitions * Symbolic = Maintain image of accountability and responsiveness hash out new social orer * Evaluating * Structural = Ways to distribute rewards or penalties and control performance * Human Resources = A process for helping individuals grow and improve * Political = Opportunity to exercise power * Symbolic = Occasion to play roles in shared ritual * Approaching conflict Structural = Maintain organizational goals by having authorities resolve conflict * Human Resources = Develop re lationships by having individuals confront conflict * Political = Develop power by bargaining, forcing, or manipulating others to win * Symbolic = Develop shared values and use conflict to negotiate meaning * Goal Setting * Structural = Keep organization headed in right trouble * Human Resources = Keep people involved and communication open * Political = Provide opportunity for individuals and groups to make interests known * Symbolic = Develop symbols and shared values * Communication Structural = Transmit facts and information * Human Resources = Exchange information, needs, and feelings * Political = Influence or manipulate others * Symbolic = Tell stories * Meetings * Structural = Formal cause for making decisions * Human Resources = Informal occasions for involvement, sharing feelings * Political = Competitive occasions to win points * Symbolic = Sacred occasions to celebrate and transform gloss * Motivation * Structural = Economic incentives * Human Resources = Growth and s elf-actualization * Political = Coercion, manipulation, and seduction * Symbolic = symbols and celebration

Sexuality and Value Systems Checkpoint

Value Systems Answer the following Which value system or systems discussed in the text do you most relate to? Explain your answer with at least a 200 word count. After reading the text, the most classical value a person could piss is the ability to have Sexual knowledge and critical thinking skills. This will allow us to be expeditious for whatever situation we might be put into and how we must react to conquer the situation.Every champion has different sexual value systems most of our systems have more than angiotensin converting enzyme preference. If I was to talk about myself, and who I am today I would say I been in a long term relationship have a child already so I know how important it is to be responsible. I am still young so I do not want any more children at the time being. That is why I and my girlfriend are safe we use protection, the type we use is conduct control.Both of us are not against abortions, and we both believe if it has to be one do it. Everyone embraces a wide variety of sexual encounters and the sexual values we adopt are uniquely designed for our individuality. I would say that I am more modern and open when it comes to sex. I like to experiment and try modernistic things that can not only pleasure myself, but my sexually partner. In return I feel this allows both of us to be satisfied with one another and that is what keeps our intimate bond strong.I have never been one to Judge people who prefer to have sex after marriage I m not one of them though. I have always been about premarital sex within a relationship, but also outside of them too. I was diffident growing up, so I did not have many girlfriends so my sexual encounters were mostly a one night fling. I been with my girlfriend for instead some time now In the beginning a relationship was something new to me. I never thought that my sexual values would change, and I would be as accepting and happy as I am.

Conflict Resolution Assignment

Finally they do the same job therefore there s a possibility of workplace competition causation conflict. Although the most obvious sign of the conflict is the argument between the colleagues there may grow been signs before this. Unfortunately there is non enough setting information given about the history, however it could be speculated that someone could have left the agency before tail end and therefore was unhappy in their role and relationships at work. I would hope as a manager would have been able to identify and resolve this conflict before it got to this stage.yet the role qualification in like manner be new, if this is the case Mike eight be use to working on his own and therefore might feel he does not compulsion any help. This could have included a meeting that turns into a stand- off or angry emails to each new(prenominal). However due to Mikes personality the conflict could have been harder to discover for example, Mike have withdrawn from contact with John h owever from John perspective this is normal sense of smell from Mike. Any change from normal behavior could be a sign of conflict or an issue therefore would consider this as a sign.Sign of conflict When John finally appears, Mike tells him hes not going to cover for IM anymore and there is an argument. The cost of this conflict might already be taking place through a loss of productively, motif and them not willing to work for each other. John stating Just do your Job could be a sign this is already hipping. Dealing with employee conflict in a timely manner is important to maintaining a healthy work environment pr razeting the situation getting worse resulting in staff sickness or even one member of staff leaving.By spotting signs of conflict early, you have a better chance of identifying the cause, reaching an twinment, resolving the conflict. It is important to deal with the situation quite a than the person, be a calming presence and that you try to build mutual respect and understanding between Mike and John. Being courteous to each of them and inhabit constructive. Sometimes it might be better to speak to them individually to get the facts before exploring the options together and negotiate how they are to work together.Through this process active listen is important to understand both Johns and Mikes position as well as them understanding each others. My role would be to Restate, paraphrase, summarize. This verbal plan of attack is called the Interest-Based Relational (FIR) set out. This will be particularly important in John and Mikes situation because it respects individual inconsistencys and focuses on the mutual problem rather than the person. It is important look at the circumstances, and think about the style that may be enamour.Then use a process to resolve the conflict. The Thomas-Killing Conflict Resolution model could be used to do this. It is important understand a persons natural style. From the information in the narrative John i s likely to take a competing approach this is assertive and disobedient an individual pursues his own concerns at the other persons expense. This approach is unlikely to be effective for John to use because it is a power-oriented mode where John holds no rank. However it is an approach that could take as a middle manager with supervision responsibilities.This is not an approach I would initially take, but could do if other methods fail. The other approach could be to be accommodating, the individual neglects his own concerns to satisfy the concerns of the other person. If any of the party did this it is not likely to resolve the issue. The accommodating party might feel the situation has not been dealt with and the conflict still remain. Mike had been Avoiding the issue for a while which had caused anger to build up and the argument to erupt.If took the same approach due to the differences in value and personalities they are not likely to resolve the issue themselves and the proble m is not likely to go away. A more appropriate approach might be to collaborate to work with others to find a solution that fully satisfies their concerns. For example Fijian arrives late John might agree to stay on later. The final option could be to compromise. For example an agreement might be made where John arriving 5 minutes late is not an issue, but John might agree not to arrive 20 minutes late.Thus finding a middle ground. Having an open discussion with Mike and John might help identify other problems that need to be resolved, but also promote understanding and motivate them to work more efficiently. It is important to nurse a close eye on the situation including having formal one to one meetings, receiving feedback from other employees, but also ensuing they value each others difference to the extent they can work with each other threaten to improve the work environment and the performance of the business.

Competition Bike Incs Essay

Horizontal analysis comp atomic number 18s a come withs actualizeance from course of instruction to class. I provide be reviewing Competition Bikes Inc(CBI) balance sheets and income statements. During CBI family 6, 7 and 8 I capture found their net sales , terms of niftys to be fluctuating, and a couple of(prenominal) various other items. The net sales from year 6 to 7 extend 33.34 %. The cost of goods from year 6 to 7 was 31.82 %. The gross profit increase 30.89. Comparing year 6 and 7 I found that year 7 improved, but when I compared year 7 to 8 the results were not good for year 8. The participation had experienced a 15 share reduction in net sales. Cost of goods drops 14.8 % from year 7 to 8.Advertising ExpensesCBI advertising expenses change magnitude by 37.5 % from year 6 to 7. CBI made a great investment from year 6 to 7 because the net sales increase at a higher rate the increased advertising cost. CBI reduced their advertising expenses by 16.3 % from year 7 t o 8. I believed this was d unrivaled because of the fragile economy. Many companies are nerve-wracking to put one over cuts back during a weak economy. These reduces expenses get out fight down them over until the economy becomes stronger.Website/SalesThe website creation and of importtenance expenses during year 6, 7 and 8 stayed the comparable price. Sales commission increase 33.371 % during year 7 from the previous year. Sales commission decrease by 15 % the following year (8).Distribution meshworkThe Distribution network expenses had a positive increased in year 7 by33.3 % jump from the previous year. Distribution expenses are normally supposed to adjudge similar amount, but when you have an increase in sales it is acceptable to increase the distribution expenses. Distribution network expenses decreased 15 percent in year 8. This was caused due to less revenue.TransportationCBI had 33% transportation increase from year 6 to 7. This was caused CBI had more products sol d and required more products to be shipped. CBI proverb 15 % transportation decrease from year 7 to 8. CBI had less products sold and this caused transportation to decrease in year 8. administrative Expenses from year 6 to 7 saw 21.43% increase. Administrative Expenses maintain the same expenses from year 7 to 8. Executive expenses increased 29.42 % from year 6 to 7. Year 7 and 8 maintain the same level of expenses.Employment taxes rose by 25.81 % increase from year 6 to 7. Year 7 and 8 maintain the same level of employment of expenses. Administrative expenses are expected due to fraternity having increase production and sales. Utilities expenses rose 3.84 % from year 6 to 7. CBI ope balancen worked proficiently in year 7, and this inspection and repaired them experienced unless an increase of 3.8% in utilities. This was caused due to increase production. CBI utilities increased by 11.11 during year 8. I would suggest CBI have their utilities monitor from day to day to see how t hey bum prevent an increase in expenses when the accompany is not performing well compared to the previous year.ResearchCBI saw research and development saw a 37.5 % percent increase from year 6 to 7.During year eight CBI reduces their research and development expenses by 16.3 %. A company should never reduces their research and development if they company perform well in the previous year. I believe this was one of the reasons why CBI had a great year during 7 because they knew what consumers wanted. Due to privation of spending on research and development this caused their sales to drop. Research and development is an important component of competition against other companies without a company leave behind fail to succeed.Interest IncomeCBI divert income rose 38.1% from year 6 to 7. During year 7 CBI income was properly invested. During year 8 CBI investments had a 3.4% reduction. The reduction was small, but small functions do add up over time. I would suggest CBI to monito r their investments and make plans to move around their money if the accepted trend continues.Balances sheetsCBI accounts receivable rose 164.3% from year 6 to 7. During year 8 CBI accounts receivable drop 15 percent. CBI should monitor accounts receivable more closely to make sure past due balances are paid on time. This was caused due to the company noticing a large increase on accounts receivable during year 7 and they tried to capitalize on it. This caused their accounts receivable to drop.Raw MaterialsCBI manages their crude(a) substantials well during year 7. CBI had 3.1% percent reduction in year 8. CBI should incorporate cant production regularity and Just in time production to reduce wasteful spending and production.LiabilitiesCBI liabilities increase 1.2% from year 6 to 7. This is expected due to year having 7 having an increase in sales and productions. CBI reduces their liabilities by 3.1% from year 7 to 8. This is good because CBI had a 15 percent reduction in net sales.Vertical analysisA method of fiscal statement analysis in which each entry for each of the three major categories of accounts (assets, liabilities and equities) in a balance sheet is represented as a proportion of the total account. The main advantages of vertical analysis are that the balance sheets of businesses of all sizes can easily be compared. It also makes it easy to see relative annual changes within one business(Investopedia,2013).IncomeYear 7 net sales were 7% higher than year 6.CBI preserved their sell expenses at 6.7% of total Net Sales. CBI reduced General & Admin Expenses from 17.1% during year 6 to 15.5% during year 7.This would lead to an increase in Operating Income from 2.8% of Net Sales from year 6 to 5.3% in year 7 and CBI Net winnings would increase from 1.1% (year 6) to 3.3% (year7). CBI did not perform well in year 8 because their expenses increase during year 8. This caused CBI net assimilateings to reduce.. CBI Administrative expenses increased 15 .5% from year 6 to 7. CBI net sales increase 18.4% from year 7 to 8. CBI operating expenses income was reduce 5.3%of net sales to 1.9 % causing CBI net earnings from 3.3% to a .7%.I would urge CBI to monitor their general and Admin expenses. Majority of expenses stayed the same during year 6,7 and 8. However during year 8 the CBI did not perform well. I believed CBI need to find ship canal to reduces expenses when the company is having a low sales volume. CBI should incorporate just in time principles and lean manufacturing principles. I believe this would help reduce wasted production and this would help reduce utilities expenses. Just in time principles and lean manufacturing principles could also reduce employee expenses.ASSESTSCBI in the cash and cash equivalent accounts drop from 6.2 % in year 6 to 2.7%. However, during year 7 more products were sold compared to year 6. CBI accounts receivable had a major increase from year 6(6.5%) to year 7(16.6%).CBI needs to monitor their accounts receivable accounts more closely and make sure theyre collecting the amount owed to them. During year 8 CBI cash and cash equivalents had risen from 2.7 %( year 7) to 10.3%(year 8). The reason why this play was due to CBI had started to monitor their accounts receivable. This helped them collect the money they were owed on past due accounts. I would recommend CBI to avoid making purchase on accounts and find ways to use the cash in a more efficient way. CBI should realize it important they have enough reserves during a recession. This will help hold them over until the economy bounces back.Trend Analysis is the practice of collecting information and attempting to spot a pattern, or trend, in the information (Wikipedia,2012).CBI sales were lower than year 7, but they still were able to make a profit. CBI should expect to see growth in the next few years found on their current trend. CBI is expected to have 3,510 units sold in year 9. CBI will have 3,660 units sold in year 10. Finally during year 11,CBI will sell 3,800 units. The enter numbers are based on the economy recovering. This will encourages CBI sponsors to invest in professional riders and this will increase new bike sales. Currently is cost CBI 1,047.50 to make each product. I would recommend CBI find suppliers who have the same quality parts, but at a lower cost. I would also make recommend CBI is following just in time and lean manufacturing principles. This could help CBI increase their profit margin.Ratio analysis- analyzes numbersRatio analysis is a method used by businesses to assess their financial situation by comparing two sets of linked data. Current ratio will measure a companys ability to pay short-term obligations. CBI had a reduction from year 7 (5.9%) to 8(5.35%). Two wheel racing (TWR) current ratio was 4.2% for year 7 and 8. A debt ratio will determine if a business is able to handle any unexpected liabilities it that may come up. A business needs to make sure they enough money to pay off debt to avoid problems with their debt. During year 7 CBI debt ratio was 46.8%. The follow year the debt ratio was 46%. The debt ratio only drops .08 percent during year 8. TWR debt ratio was 38% in year 7 and 8. An acid test ratio will determine if a company can back their liabilities. CBI is doing better than (TWR) by 1.12% and .85%.Inventory turnover- determines the number of times a company can sell it average level of inventory passim the year. CBI bicycles are customizes for customers so I am unable to compared CBI and TWR. Average collection period, This determines how well a company is able to collect money to the customers they extended extension to.CBI has higher collected amount compared to TWR. CBI was 11.3% higher in year 7 and 8. Gross Profit Margin, will tell investors how much revnue was gain after selling the product(Cost of Good-revenue/gross profit. TWR profit margin is 32.10% higher than CBI profit margin in year 7(27.4%) and 8(27.0%). TWR is o perating more stiffly.Operating profit margin Measures management capacity (Operating income/total sales). CBI year 7 was 5.3% and TWR was 5.2%. Year 8 TWR performed better with 5.3% compared to CBI(1.9%). Net Profit Margin show investors the percentage of each sale dollar earn as net income. During year 7 CBI net profits was 3.3% and in year 8 it was .8%.TWR was 5.14% year 7 and 8. The portion of a companys profit allocated to each outstanding share of common stock. Earnings per share serves as an indicator of a companys profitability(Investopedia,2013).TWR was $.08 for year 7 and 8. CBI was $.20 during year 7 and $.04 in year 8.Return on total assets-determine how successful a company is to earn profit with their assets. TWR total assets was 4.8% for year 7 and 8. CBI was 4.5% in year 7 and year 8 was .8%.Return on Common Equity- Income between net income and stockholder equity. During year 7 CBI equity was 8.5% AND TWR was 8.1%. CBI equity in year 8 was 1.5% and TWR was 8.1% Pr ice / Earnings Ratio- Stock prices and company earning. CBI earning share 49.67 and TWR was 29. During year CBI price jump to 83.73 and TWR was still 29. Times Interest Earned Determines the numbers of times operating income can pay interest expense. Year 7 interest earn was 5.27 and TWR was 4.24. During year 8 CBI interest earn drop to 1.77 and TWR remained 4.24. workings capital is a financial system of measurement(current assets minus company liabilities) which represents operating liquidity available to a business, organization or other entity, including governmental entity(Wikipedia,2013). The financial metric system will analyzes if a company will be able to pay their short term liabilities or do they need to take an pick solution. CBI working capital in year 6 was $382,394 CBI working capital at the end of year was 1,306,617. CBI increased their working capital by 70.7% at the end of year 8. After reviewing CBI working capital the results indicated they will be able to pay their short term liabilitiesRecommendationI would recommend CBI to have their accounts executives to build a better relationship with customers and make sure theyre satisfied with the work they are receiving. One of the most important things a company can do is listen to their employees. I would also recommend CBI to reduce their accounts receivables. This could be done by making sure that larger orders from customer are sent out faster. CBI inventory cost increase over 24% from year 6 to year 8.CBI should follow the just in time and lean manufacturing principles. This will reduces inventory cost for CBI. CBI transportation expenses are one of their highest expenses. I would recommend CBI to consider to purchasing their own deli very truck and see if this will help them reduce their transportation expense. inside controlsInternal controls helps a company infrastructure run smoothly. Internal controls also help protect and prevent fraud. Internal control will try to remove the tempta tions for employee to act unethically in the aspect of putting the company at fortune of lawsuit.CBI purchase plane section (PD) will purchases orders from suppliers based on their monthly budget. Once the order has been received the PD will evaluate bids from different suppliers. Once the order has been received theyre tending(p) to the production line. The invoice will be sent to the PD. If there are any supplies left they will be sent to raw materials. The PD will then send an accounting segment who issues a check to the supplier.RecommendationI would recommend the whole entire processed be revamped. The first thing I would recommended is to separate the duties of researching the bid and purchasing orders. The next thing I would suggest is to make the receiving department in charge of verifying the shipping when the packages arrive. The receiving department needs to verify every item is there from the supplier and their no missing item from the delivery. The receiving departm ent should maintain an inventory control system. After the receiving department has approved the invoice, they should forward to the purchasing department. The purchase order will be forward to the accounting department for payment. Accounting has currently been only receiving unverified invoices. attemptAccounting has currently been only receiving unverified invoices. The insufficiency of verification could cause CBI to get double charge for item they already paid for. Currently their lack of inventory control system. Currently unused supplies are being sent to raw material without anyway of tracking it. This would make it easy for employees to steal because lack of inventory control system.RecommendationI would suggest an inventory control system be implemented. I would make sure all packages received by receiving department be verified by management to avoid being double charge. The inventory control system will help prevent larceny from employees. I would also hire outside fir m every quarter to check inventory levels to make sure no one is stealing from the company.Sarbanes-Oxley telephone numberSarbanes-Oxley Act is government regulation that congress pass in order to improve financial disclosures. This would help prevent accounting fraud and improve financial disclosures from corporations(Wikpedia,2013).Section 302 A mandate that requires senior management to certify the accuracy of the reported financial statement Section 404 A requirement that management and auditors assemble internal controls and reporting methods on the adequacy of those controls. Section 404 had very costly implications for publicly traded companies as it is expensive to establish and maintain the required internal controls (Investopedia,2013).CBI does not mention that they were audited by outside firm. I highly recommend CBI to hire auditing firm to review the companys annual statement before releasing the numbers to the public to make sure there is no accounting errors. Inter nal controls are implemented and effective at the end of year 8(Dec 31). The CEO, and chief financial officer certification is need because it is required by SOX and this could not be located. Auditor releases the following statement to shareholders. A material weakness is a control deficiency, or a combination of control deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the companys annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely initiationRecommendationsCBI needs to make sure they are in compliance with the regulations set forth by Sarbanes-Oxley CB. The first thing I would recommend is to conduct a internal control assessment. The next thing I would recommend CBI to hire accounting firm to review their internal controls. The control needs to be based on Sox guidelines. The CEO and chief financial officer needs to certify theyre aware of the CBI internal cont rol and the actions the company have taken to protect investors investments. It is very vital CBI CEO and CFO certifies theyre aware of internal control because Sarbanes-Oxley requires this to be done.Since the accounting firm made assessment that the internal control is effective their might be some problems that could arise from the following statement, A material weakness is a control deficiency, or a combination of control deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the companys annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. I would recommend the CEO or CFO to take action fix the internal control problem because they could face jail time for making statements that were not true. . CBI should base their guidelines set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Tread Way Commission(CSOTWO). CSOTWO is joint inivate five private sect or organizations devoted to providing leadership through progress and guidance on enterprise risk management, internal control and fraud dictation. This is a great way for CBI to improve the internal control process.ReferencesFree Dictionary(2013) http//legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Sarbanes-Oxley+Act+of+2002 Investopedia(2013) http//www.investopedia.com/terms/h/horizontalanalysis.aspaxzz2Hh4rgfuE True Bussiness(2013) http//truetobusiness.com/ pay/ratio-analysis Wikipedia(2013) http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_control

Anna Karenina: a Different Kind of Love Essay

Progress is the development of an individual or society in a direction considered more beneficial than and superior to the previous level (Dictionary.reference.com). Anna K atomic number 18nina, written by Leo Tolstoy, is a book filled with tragedy, love and choices. This novel canful be interpreted in several different ways, but the most common interpretation is that Annas husband Alexis Karenin represents the old fading traditions in Russia and think Vronsky, Annas l everyplace, represents the progress of Russia Anna who is torn between choosing her husband and young son and her lover represents Russia itself, faced with the choice between the old traditions and the new advanced era. This progressive interpretation of Anna Karenina is the best and most accurate understanding of the book because of its meaning, its origination, and the modify it has on the characters.In Leo Tolstoys book Anna Karenina, the theme of progression plays a major role throughout the whole of the book. Count Alexis Kirillovich Vronsky, Anna Kareninas lover, is an officer in the Russian army who is handsome, young, and charming, but morally unstable. When Vronsky first meets Anna he is spellbound by her beauty and, for him, it is love at first sight for a spell his chief goal in life was to make Anna his own. Vronsky is a meaning(a) character throughout the novel because he embodies the modernization and progress of Russia. In contrast, Karenin personifies the old and dying customs of Russia.Because Anna decided to have an affair with Vronsky, she symbolizes Russia struggling while choosing between the old, Karenin, and the new, Vronsky. Because Anna chose Vronsky, at least at first, and forsook Karenin, or the old ways, she fell to ruin. As a result of her choices, Anna went mad with uncertainty because she committed adultery, she wooan to doubt Vronskys faithfulness to her. Soon, Anna became wholly dependent of Vronsky, so much that he grew tired of her, believing that her n ew way of clinging to him was old fashioned and annoying. Convinced that Vronsky no longitudinal loved her, Anna threw herself under a moving train at the train station where she was supposed to meet up with Vronsky. Anna did not realize that although there are certain things about progress that are virtuous, too much of anything, even a good thing is bad.The topic of progress canvasn throughout the book Anna Karenina was implied collect to the setting of the book. Leo Tolstoy, the author, placed the book in the 1870s. From the 1850s to early 1900s Russia had the fastest and largest population growth rate out of all the important major powers aft(prenominal) the U.S.A. during this time Russias population nearly doubled. In 1870 the czar or Russia authorized city councils to be made that raised taxes and charged labor to wait on with city expenses, such as roads, local schools, public healthcare, food supplies, and jails (Wikipedia.org, History of Russia geographic.org).During t he 1960s and 1970s the percentage of working age people with at least a minor education nearly doubled. All of this progress steadily affected the characters of Anna Karenina. This kind of modernization helped instigate Anna to be discontent with her life as Karenins wife and desire to be with Vronsky. If Anna had not desired life to be exciting, as modern ideas portrayed life to be, she would have easily been fulfill with a dull life with her old husband Karenin.All through the entirety of Anna Karenina, one can see how Annas choosing Vronsky over Karenin (the new over the old) affected her and the people around her. Before Anna met Vronsky she was much more contented with her life after she met Vronsky and had grown to know him, her life, her husband and her son, seemed dull and boring in comparison. Upon getting to know Vronsky, Anna began to crave love, the kind that was exciting, and the kind that Vronsky offered her. Slowly, Anna realized how tedious her relationship with Kar enin was she realized that before Vronsky had come into her life, she had poured out all her love on her son. In the beginning, Anna did not wish to affiliate with Vronsky because she knew that an affair with another man would not only affect her and her place in society, but it would also affect her young son and her relationship with him. Not long after Vronsky had proclaimed his love to her, Anna told him What you are saying is wrong, and if you are a good man, I beg you to forget it, as I will forget it (Part 1, Chapter 30, and Page 2).From this quote an individual can see that, Anna was a conscientious woman, who knew right from wrong, and chose, at first, to do what was right. However, she was tempted by evil and sadly she gave in. Later on in the story, Anna discovered that she was pregnant with Vronskys child in her confused frightened state of mind, she told Karenin, her husband, that she was Vronskys mistress. One would think that this would be a significant turning point in the book, but instead of breaking off their marriage Karenin decided that he wanted to put an end to their affair as privately as possible and have his marriage with Anna appear as it had before. For the overnight time, Karenin had been suspicious, but he asserted his wife and believed she would never be disloyal to him in his heart of hearts Karenin realizes that he is jealous of Vronsky because Vronsky is young, handsome, and the embodiment of progress and modernization.In comparison, Karenin was old he was twenty years senior to Anna. A successful marriage is built around love and trust in Anna and Karenins marriage there had been no true and enduring love this caused Anna to be unfaithful to Karenin, which caused Karenin to be envious of Vronsky, and as a result of it all no love or trust remained between them. In comparison, two other characters relationship was quite the opposite. Annas brothers wifes sister was a young woman named Kitty near the end of the book Kitty mar ried a man named Levin, who was also an old friend of Annas brother. originally in the book, even before Anna met Vronsky, Kitty had rejected Levins proposal believing that Vronsky intended to propose to her. However, after Vronsky had met Anna he stopped going to see Kitty and went instead to follow Anna wherever she went. Well along in the story, Kitty regrets rejecting Levin and after a while they get back together.Because of how Anna had stolen Vronsky from her Kitty, for the longest time, was envious of Anna and Levin was jealous of Vronsky because Vronsky had also taken his love. Since Kittys and Levins love was much deeper than that of Annas and Karenins, they were able to overcome these trifles and (basically) lived happily ever after. In conclusion, the understanding of progress seen throughout the book Anna Karenina is accurate because of its meaning, origination, and overall effect of the characters. The interpretation of Alexis Karenin representing the fading old area o f Russia, Vronsky symbolizing progress, and Anna herself signifying Russia is most applicable because of how significant it is throughout the entire book.

Research Paper Essay

AbstractThis research paper go out evaluate the biological aspects of ballive substance or sort and how it affects the brain and organs. Biological aspects include dopamine levels that argon replaced in the brain due to the reward dodging being overtaken and the absorption rate of the medicate once it is ingested pull up stakes be discussed. The biological aspects ar extensive and permanent if the individual does not get the help they need. muchover the clinical issues of addictive substance or behavior will be discussed along with medical preachings and honourable issues. This includes manipulations much(prenominal) as counseling and treatment programs that be effective. Lastly the Christian worldview implications and how it affects Christian counselors will be addressed. How the church may view individuals who have an dependence and how a counselor approaches a lymph node with an addiction. addiction is something that is an epidemic in the world of the devil and it should be evaluated and taken seriously.People use doses for a variety of reasons, some may be to self-medicate, to overcome anxiety, to deal with a past that they postulate to forget, or even so just to fit in with a crowd. However, most of the users, initially, do not think or bang of the later on side effects which could include addiction. at that place are many factors that come into play on if a psyche will be more susceptible to addictions much(prenominal) as heredity, environment, psychoactive medicates and overbearing behaviors (Inaba & Cohen, 2011). Substance/BehaviorDrugs affect many areas of a souls remains, the central nervous system (CNS) is effected ca employ mental, emotional and physical changes (Inaba & Cohen, 2011). Pharmacokinetics describes this make for by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, eliminated, and excreted by the carcass (Inaba & Cohen, 2011). The factors that contribute to this process include route ofadministration, sp eed of transit to the brain, rates of metabolism, process of elimination, affinity for organisation cells and neurotransmitters (Inaba & Cohen, 2011). All of these factors contribute to how the drug biogically affects the individual administering the drug. A person who injects heroine on an empty stomach will not have the same effect as a person who digests a pill of heroine after a meal. on that point are more aspects that involve if the person will become addicted to the drug. metabolism and excretion in addition play a social function in the effects on the brain. Metabolism is the bodys mechanism for processing, using, and inactivating a outside(prenominal) substance that has entered the body (Inaba & Cohen, p. 2.7, 2011). Metabolism applies to everything that is ingested into our bodies, including food. Excretion is the process of eliminating the foreign substance and its metabolites from the body (Inaba & Cohen, p. 2.7, 2011). When a drug is ingested the metabolic proces s begins along with the excretion process by the kidney. This explains why alcoholics have kidney worrys and sometimes failure after years of alcohol abuse. An example of how a drug travels from Inaba and Cohen iswhen someone swallows a 10 milligram tablet of Vicodin or drinks a beer the drug passes by the esophagus and the stomach into the small intestine, where it is absorbed into the capillaries enmeshed into the intestine walls. The capillaries transport the drug into the veins which carry it to the liver where it is part metabolized. It is then pumped back to the heart and subsequently to the rest of the body. That is just one example of how a drug is passed through the body and absorbed into the users system. There are many different counsels that the drug evoke enter into the body. The first time alcohol or drugs are ingested dopamine levels spike higher(prenominal) than they do with foodand that have is recovered, the experience is stored in the amygdala which contr ols emotion and hippocampus which controls emotion. After using the substance over and over the brain no longer produces its deliver dopamine. (Carlson & Carlson, 2013). There are more side effects that occur if the substance is not taken over again, including depression and sometimes physical symptoms. (Carlson & Carlson, p.35, 2013). If the person stopped filling the void they have created with the substance their brain will eventually start reproducing its own dopamine again. There are addictions that keep develop from behavior disorders, non-substance abuse disorders.These could be sport, shopping, and many other compulsive/impulse control disorders. There are studies that suggest that 26-37% of those with alcohol dependence also had a lifetime history of a mood disorder (with depression being the most common), whereas 32-37% met lifetime criteria for an anxiety disorder (McLachlan & Starkey, 2012). When a person who is addicted to a compulsive disorder is termination throu gh secessions the juice up or craving while abstaining from the behaviors may have a similarity with cravings during drug masturbation in substance addictions (El-Guebaly, Mudry, Zohar, Tavares,& Potenza, 2012). To a person who is withdrawing from a gambling addiction they will feel the same way as a person who is trying to stop drinking. There are groups such as Gamblers unknown and Alcoholics Anonymous that help these individuals through the process of overcoming their addictions. When a person who is suffering from an addiction decides to make a change they can go through a process forward they decide to take action. The stages are pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation/ typeset for action, action, maintenance, and possibly relapse. (James, p. 74, 2012). Pre-contemplation is when the person is not considering change and denying they have a problem. Contemplation is when the addict is sitting on the fence about if they have a problem or not.Preparation/ready for action is described as when they are making a mental plan for how and when they are going to act. Action is practicing the in the altogether behavior for three to six months. The maintenance stage is continuing to maintain the rude(a) behavior for more than six months after the action plan. Relapse occurs if the old behaviors happen again, (James, 2012). An consequential part of overcoming the behaviors that go along with addiction is the creation of memories. Memories are created from the time we are born, we learn things about ourselves such as what makes us laugh or what makes us cry. A person may have a giving experience with a drug or alcohol and that memory stays with them. It could even disapprove them from trying it again or the person could be pressured into giving it one more try before they decide. Memories are actually solid bits of protein imprinted on the brain as microscopic memory bumps called dendritic spines (Inaba & Cohen, p. 2.12, 2011). When flock use psychoacti ve drugs the memories are imprinted on the brain. These memories include, where they got the drug, the reason they used it, and what feelings resulted (Inaba & Cohen, 2011). These memories are problematic because they are particularlypowerful for the users brain. The memories will affect how often a person uses in the future. If a person has a euphoric and amazing experience when they use a drug they will remember it vividly and have a hard time forgetting the experience.If something happens to them that causes depression or makes them have a bad day they will go back to this euphoric state and want to recreate that situation again. Furthermore, if the person has a preconceived susceptibility to addiction to a substance they are more likely to keep to go back to this substance to solve their problems rather than dealing with them in a healthy way. umpteen factors such as environment when the person was raised will also play a factor, if the person was not taught the proper coping skills in dealing with issues their only memory of how to escape a problem will be the occurrence of the drug use. The same instance occurs with a person who suffers from a behavioral disorder such as gambling. When a person gambles they feel valued and appreciated. A person with a gambling addiction is treated like a king when they walk into a casino or a place that caters to gamblers. They bring them drinks to their table, they have beautiful girls around them, and they are treated as if they are someone important. To a person who has never been treated like that in their life, it can develop into an addiction, an addiction to winning the money and an addiction to being treated like a king.Their memories and reward systems are replaced with this experience and it is hard to overcome. The reward/control pathway of the brain encourages a human to perform or reprize an action that promotes survival (Inaba & Cohen, p. 2.14, 2011). A psychoactive drug urges a person to take the drug again because it closely resembles the natural reward system of the brain. For substance abusers this pathway is seriously altered, the go circuit becomes active and the stop circuit becomes dysfunctional and does not shut off the craving (Inaba & Cohen, 2011). The craving to do the drug again becomes seemingly unbearable for the individual because their reward system is in overload. The individual may manage that they could stop the addiction or not even want to but they cannot stop because of the affect the drug/habit has had on their brain.The reversal of the reward system also makes normally enjoyable circumstances not enjoyable to the individual suffering from an addiction. A person who may have enjoyed painting or base on balls around the park will be able to think about nothing other than winning another hit of cocaine because their brains reward system is not happy until that is experienced. It takes a very bullnecked individual to be able to overcome this and recognize it in their own brains. That is why there are programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous to help individuals process these changes in a whole step by step basis, because it is so hard to just quit something that has such a hold on the person. Clinical IssuesThere are aspects of treatment that dominate in the field of treatment of a behavioral or chemical substance dependency. These aspects begin with the fact that medications are used more to treat addictions, there are many reasons that a drug may be used in the treatment process including drugs diminish the withdrawal symptoms, drugs lessen cravings, substitute medications that are less damaging than the primary substance of abuse, nutritional supplements, and antidepressants (Inaba & Cohen, 2011). Some addicts do choose drug use but some do not, it depends on how addicted to the substance or behavior the person was as well as how long they were using. Another issue in treatment is that new imaging techniques are being used to visua lize the structural and physiological effects of addiction on the human brain (Inaba & Cohen, 2011). These techniques include CAT (computerized axial tomography) scans to show the damage to the brain tissues, MRI (magnetic ring imaging), fMRI (functional MRI), PET (positron emission tomography), SPECT (single-photon emission computerized tomography, and DTI (Diffusion tensor imaging) (Inaba & Cohen, p. 9.5, 2011) These techniques allow doctors to study the brain as the addict goes through such things as the reward cycle when using a drug. These tests will help to better reckon the processes of the brain and possibly be able to further combat the problem of addiction.The more a process in understood, the more educated a doctor can be with their patient the better treatment process they can prescribe for the patient. Internet-based therapies involve structured, treatment programs delivered via the internet that incorporate some degree of healer interaction (Blaszczynski, A., Gainsb ury, S., 2011). The internet based therapy mostly occurs via e-mails, telephone or face to face between the client and the counselor it can benefit a wide range of people including those with alcohol and drug addictions. It is also beneficial for those with behavioral addictions such as gambling. Internet based therapyhas been largely successful with less than 25% of people with addiction-related problems ever entering formal treatment (Blaszcynski, 2011). The internet based therapy could be widely normal as well because it is anonymous and they do not have to attend a meeting or go out of their way to a counselors office. The appointments are on the persons own time when they are available. give-and-take for individuals such as the venerable depends on patient emplacement after they are evaluated for abuse or addiction as well as physical or psychiatric problems. preaching is then evaluated on the risks that could affect the elderly person.There are six dimensions found by th e American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) acute intoxication and/or withdrawal authority biomedical aims and complications behavioral conditions and complications treatment acceptance/resistance relapse potential and recovery environment (Clay, 2010). An elderly individual struggling from addiction can also be placed in an outpatient treatment such as brief intervention, motivational interviewing and pharmaceuticals (Clay, 2010). It is recommended that the least intensive approach be considered first and then the condition be further assessed. Individuals who are addicted to heroin have a treatment that is called Opioid Substitution Treatment (OST) this involves prescribing opioids to those who are opioid dependent. A person who is addicted to heroin will go through daily withdrawal symptoms, and are at increased risk of persisting in use of heroin and other drugs. (Bell,2012). The thinking is to prescribe low dosage methadone (30-60 mg a day) or buprenorphine (4-8mg/day) t o help control the withdrawal symptoms.Another reason for this approach is, at higher methadone doses, people become more immune to opioids, and blocking the effects of heroin and suppressing continued heroin use (Bell, 2012). Another approach to treatment is coerced treatment. Coerced treatment is when it is mandated by the criminal justice system, through drug courts authorisation sentencing, probation/parole stipulations, and state or national legislation requiring compulsory treatment (Inaba & Cohen, 2011). The Drug Treatment Alternative-to-Prison program measured the effectiveness of the treatment programs that were mandatory and found reductions in the re-arrest rate, reconviction rate and return to prison rate. The downfall to the coerced programs is that there may not be space available for people who want to voluntarily get help before they arearrested or in trouble with the legal system. The reduction in the economy over the years has caused a pot of government funded programs to be closed due to funding issues, leaving less places for addicts to go for help. (Inaba & Cohen, 2011). Christian Worldview ImplicationsAddictions can come in many shape and forms to a Christian counselor. There are sexual addictions, gambling addictions, alcohol addictions, substance addictions etc. From a biblical standpoint a Christian counselor would want to introduce biblical morals and values so the person can rely on a higher power other than themselves to overcome the addiction. Addictions come straight from the devil when they are attacking a person and causing them to sin. A counselor should consider themselves to be warriors of God in the war against addictions. There are many in the Christian environments that consider addiction to be an act of will. A church congregation may not take an addiction as seriously as they would take someone who was diagnosed with cancer. It is important that the counselor help the client see that their addiction is important to o vercome, confessing their addiction and the problem with it can be the first step when a person is struggling with an addiction. The person may feel that it is easier to hold back the addiction rather than admit there is a problem, but to confess the sin is the most important first step.ReferencesBell, J. (2012). Buprenorphine in The Treatment of Heroin Addiction. Dusunen Adam Journal Of Psychiatry & Neurological Sciences, 25(2), 93-100. inside10.5350/DAJPN20122502001Blaszczynski, A., Gainsbury, S. (2011). A systematic review of Internet-based therapy for the treatment of addictions, Clinical Psychology Review. Vol. 31(3).Carlson, D., & Carlson, H. (2013). Addiction The brain disease. Madison, CT, USA Bick Publishing House.Clay, S. W. (2010). Treatment of addiction in the elderly. AgingHealth, 6(2), 177-189. doihttp//dx.doi.org/10.2217/ahe.10.14El-Guebaly, N., Mudry, T., Zohar, J., Tavares, H. and Potenza, M. N. (2012), Compulsive features in behavioural addictions the case of pat hological gambling. Addiction, 107 17261734. doi 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03546.xInaba, D. S. & Cohen, W. E. (2011). Uppers, downers, all arounders Physical and mental effects of psychoactive drugs. (7th ed.). Medford, OR CNS ProductionsJames, R. L. (2012). Sexuality and addiction. Westport, CT, USA ABC-CLIO.McLachlan, A. D., & Starkey, N. J. (2012). The variety of substance and behavioural addictions a preliminary investigation. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 41(1)

Personnel Management and Organizational Behavior Essay

Four substances to shape employee conduct are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, and extinction. Positive reinforcement is following a reaction with something enjoyable (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Employees need wisdom for exceeding the formations standard on job performance. A well-organized reward program allow motivate employees to excel the organizations standard. Example of this are employee of the month, quarter or year, and recognitions to employees for presenting ideas to improve the organizations operation.Negative reinforcement is also referred as looking busy. Supervisors should explain the task to the employee, propose necessary resources, and vouch the work is performed to standard. These actions will help eliminate negative reinforcement. Punishment and knowing the organizations standard are containly related. The organizations standard, duties and responsibilities of the employees have to be established in wander to hold employees accoun table for their incorrect behavior. Punishment can be used as the way to unsure employees follows the standard. The different type of punishments have to be accommodated in the workplace policy to ensure the employee knows what could happen if he/she does not follow the standard.Extinction is a behavior not reinforced, causing it to fly (Robbins & Judge, 2007). Adequate supervision and communicating in the workplace are two key elements to assess this behavior and eliminate when is not needed. Managers have to develop ways to shape employees behavior in order to improve performance. Shaping the employees behavior starts with adopting practice that encourage employees to be responsible, loyal, and committed to an organizations goal (Strategic Planning in the Payroll Department, 2007). Some of these practices include setting standards, establishing duties and responsibilities, and direct supervision. Discuss the three components of an military position.The main components of an att itude are cognitive, affective, and behavioral. Cognitive component is a consciously held flavor or belief (Colborn, 2007, p. 68), such as sexual harassment is wrong. Managers should enforce values, high standard, base and cultural behavior awareness to improve the working environment. The affective component is the emotional tone or feeling of an attitude (Colborn, 2007) I dont like Charles, because he harasses his female employees. Leaders should hold open communication with their employees to let them express their feelings and emotions. Behavioral component is the intent to behave in a certain way toward something or someone (Robbins & Judge, 2007), such as Im going to bend Charles because of his improper conduct. This action could cause problems in the work group and if not handle aright it will set a bad example to the employees.In conclusion leaders should understand the components of an attitude in order to establish means to avoid these in the working environment. Enfo rcing values, high standards, open communication and continues supervising are key to success. How is bounded moderateness related to decision making?Bounded rationality is defined as making decisions by constructing simplified models that extract the essential features from problems without capturing all their complexity (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 161). This conceit used a method where a satisfactory solution is obtained in stade of the optimal solution. This approach is goaded by previous experiences, limited information and selecting the first solution that satisfies the constraints.Decision-making run is a detail process to obtain the best solution. During this process all ersatzs and courses of action are considered and evaluated completely. This approach consumes time and resources because every alternative has to be evaluated in order to obtain the best solution.In my opinion the decision-making process should be recitation as much as possible in order to obtain the opti mum solution to a problem. Leaders should be aware of both approaches and select one based on time, safety concerns, precedency of the task, and resources available. What is a quality circle?Quality circle is a work of employees and supervisors, who meet regularly to question their quality problems, investigate causes, recommend solutions, and take corrective actions (Robbins & Judge, 2007, p. 237).A successful quality circle should include the following a comptroller, individual assignment, tentative times, progress report, implementation and performance monitoring. The comptroller will be in charge of conducting the meetings, keeping record of the problems, progress and implementation. Problems should be brainstorm by the group and assign to the best qualify employee. Each problem should have a tentative time to obtain a solution. During each meeting a progress report is required in order to ensure timely solution of the problem. Implementing the solution and monitoring its pe rformance will ensure employees satisfaction and develop believability to the quality circle. The end statement of the quality circle is to fix problems in the organization.

Mis Wintergear Case Study Essay

MIS 2301 Winter Gear Distribution Case StudywPlaces strayConfirm nightspot and speech date, issues invoiceconfirms invoicefulfills order and ships goodsfollow up delivery conditions met, and stipend receivedwPlaces orderConfirm order and delivery date, issues invoiceconfirms invoicefulfills order and ships goodsfollow up delivery conditions met, and hire receivedWinter Gear DistributionWinter Gear DistributionFastFitFastFit1.WGBWGBFastFitFastFit2.A single personnel computerA single personnel computerSalesSales scannerscannerOperationsOperationsArrows Flow of operation1 FastFit places order with sales personnel all over the phone 2 Sales manually completes paper order forms and sends confirmation to Fastfit for each order and their delivery dates 3 FastFit confirms for orders to be filled4 Operations fills and ships orders to Fastfit5 account statement issues invoice to FastFit6 FastFit fulfills payment as agreedLAN with 4 face-to-face computers, printer, and file serverLAN w ith 4 personal computers, printer, and file serverIBM ASA 400 system with 3 CRT-terminalsIBM ASA 400 system with 3 CRT-terminalsAccountingAccountingWAN to connect departmentsWAN to connect departments3. If customers call and ask for the status of their orders, the answer would generally be simple because the order can be labeled as processing, fulfilled, shipped, or delivered. If the customer wanted more than details, and depending on the tracking systems that the company uses, they may or may not be able to ante up them the general location of the order (UPS map tracking). Companies would general want to fulfill orders in a by the way fashion, so pushing orders out of warehouses would be recorded and their status updated, therefore, it is not much of a byplay task. 4. Errors in filling orders are likely because, for example, for ordering online, a customer can general turn off shipment addresses, or items in their cart while the order has still not been shipped. If the comp any operated like WGD and had no communication between their departmental systems, confusion on thewhat, where, and how much of a customers order can be messed up or not reflect the changes. Aside from the errors of processing orders, delivery can have errors as well, such as late deliveries or deliveries to the wrong addresses. The business match is that customers will be dissatisfied and frustrated due to the inefficiency of the supplier company. They will complain just about the timeliness, or operation of a company which would harm the companys reputation and possibly decrease revenues. noisome reviews by customers can lose a companys past customers or ward past new ones. 5.Steps Time elapsed Customer places order with WGD 30-60 mins (over the phone, not very time consuming) WGD processes order 1 day (must check inventory, input order into system) WGD sends confirmation of order and delivery dates within 1 day (email, digitally) WGD fulfills and ships order 2 eld (package s order, checks it over, updates order system input, ships out) Customer receives shipment 3-4 days (delivery is just about time consuming but since standard delivery is 5-8 days, fulfillment and delivery add up to about 5 if in U.S) WGD issues invoice Occurs during deliveryCustomer fulfills payment Varies, can be immediately or with a payment plan WGD can likely ship an order within about 2-3 days but delivery time will be between 5-8 days. This is not a business problem because most companies operate similarly with standard delivery times, however, WGD can improve their efficiency, reduce errors, and increase customer satisfaction if they updated their systems to be interconnected and more modern technology. 6. A scanner in the Sales division would reduce the time needed to manually input process forms. A WAN network would in any case be useful because it would connect the Sales, Operations, and Accounting Departments despite being in different buildings this decreases error hazard and increases efficiency in processing, fulfillment, and shipment. ( See red figures in diagram in Q2 for changes in technology to WGD).

Compare Explanations for Relationship Breakdown Given

Compare scores for consanguinity breakd avow given by exchange theory and equity theory. Which do you consider to be the most convincing and why? What does environs theory add to the explanation? The Exchange Theory which was put forward by Homans in 1971 suggests that when we are in a relationship, we aliment an eye on what we are putting in and getting out of a relationship. It argues that whether ir not we are satisfied depends on the ratio of rewards and costs that are given within the relationship.If the someone tangled feels as though, for them, the rewards outweigh the costs, they will most likely feel satisfied with the relationship as they do not need to give as much, however, if the person involved feels like the costs outweighs the rewards, they will obtain dissatisfied with the relationship and this will result in them becoming likely to look elsewhere for separate offer and the previous relationship will breakdown.On the other hand, Equity Theory which was devel oped by Walster in 1978, does not argue that if the rewards outweigh the costs the person will be happy, but that when in a relationship, the sight involved expect the relationship to be fair. Where Exchange Theory would say that people would totallyow for a relationship as it is if they felt they were in the advantaged position where rewards are concerned, Equity theory says that the person would look to restore the equity within the relationship by either reducing their input or increasing their outputs.If this does not appear to mildew, it is likely that the relationship will breakdown as an equilibrium has not been reached. I think that the Equity Theory is a more convincing approach to the breakdown on relationships as most people in the 21st century, are more likely to try and work it out if the relationship appeared to be in turmoil.It is true that if someone feels like they arent getting adequacy out of the relationship, then the relationship is more likely to break dow n, but this the Exchange Theory suggests that the relationship will breakdown straight away which is not true to reality as it is likely that the agree would discuss things before a decision is made on the future of the relationship. This is outlined in Ducks theory. Also, the Exchange Theory suggests that human are selfish as the theory seems to say that humans are fixated on getting the rewards from a relationship.In 1988, Duck demonstrated how a relationship should typically end. In order to do this, he developed a four stage model of dissolution. Stage one, the Intra-psychic phase, states that at least one member of the couple will lead off to feel unhappy and will start to focus on the behaviour of their partners. They will even sotually reach the threshold and will voice their concerns. The southward stage, the dyadic phase, states that the couple will dispatch part in discussions and some may go to talk over others may r ach the next threshold.This is the third stage, the social phase, where friends may offer support or take sides. It is this stage, according to Duck, where a break up is inevitable. The final stage is the grave dressing phase. This is when both people involved put across their opinion of what happened during the breakup and each partner will create their own version of who was to blame in the situation. It is normally a face saving situation. This approach address issues that the other approaches, the Exchange Theory especially, ignores.Ducks approach addresses that couples are likely to take part in discussions most the relationship and where they think it is heading. The theory shows the different stages that should be considered when going through a break up however, considered is the operative word. The theory suggests that these stages happen in all break ups however this is not the case for all situations. Although the stages should be considered, it is likely that some couples may get stuck in a stage or even miss one out meaning that it does not follow the approach to every letter.

Cosi: Lewis Changes by Directing the Play

How are ideas roughly betrayal and allegiance explored through the structure of the play-within-a-play? The most obvious structural feature is the play-within-a-play, which highlights the parallels between the characters and themes in Mozarts opera, and those in Nowras play. Both the opera and play revolve around issues of loyalty, fidelity and betrayal. The backdrop of war is akinwise a signifi natest feature of both texts the Vietnam War in the 1970s (in Cosi) and the Albanian battle for emancipation from the Ottoman Empire in 1790 (in Cosi buffer Tutte).Wars in addition involve loyalties and betrayals, and their chaos on a luxurious scale underscores the chaos in the lives of the characters in the opera and the play. (Sue Sherman English for Year 12) According to MozartsCosi rooter Tutte, the issue of fidelity is depicted to be an ideal that is never achieved. Since wo men are like that the interpretation of cosi yellowish brown tutte, Mozart encouraged the belief that men should simply accept women are indeed disloyal in relationships. Nowra illustrates this similar idea about women and infidelity through Lewis and Lucys relationship. While Lucy is sleeping with Lewis, she is also having sex with snick.When Lewis discovers Lucys betrayal, she waves aside his shock, defending that it is not as if were married. The revelation does indeed prove that Cosi buff Tutte is change by reversal in stating that, womans constancy is like the Arabian Phoenix. Everyone swears it exists, barely no one has seen it. Although the women in both Cosi Fan Tutte and Cosi are shown to be untrue, so are the men. While the men in Cosi Fan Tutte do not actively participate in adultery, they do fabricate their departure to the war and also disguise themselves as Albanians. Their deception is also a betrayal to their wives. Meanwhile, Don Alfonso manipulates everyone. As seen in Cosi, Lewis is unfaithful to Lucy as he kisses Julie during rehearsals. Julie later reve als that she has a girlfriend who she would prefer to be with, confirming that both men and women are unfaithful in relationships. (source VCE Study Guides) Quotes on Fidelity/Betrayal Women are never true.? Women like to pretend they founding fathert play around, but theyre just more secretive about it. They dont brag about it like men.? Women are flesh and blood too.? I dont like mens double standards.? Womens constancy is like the Phoenix of Arabia.Everyone swears it exists, but no one has seen it.? Irony in the fact that Henry plays the part of Don Alfonso in Cosi Fan Tutte as Henry firmly believes in truth and fidelity whereas Don Alfonso is cynical about it. This Cosi condones the turpitude of innocence. Women are told to be tramps. Free love. Whether women can remain true is a tragedy. Dont ill-usage those pure men. They? re models of fidelity and perfect love. (Cosi Fan Tutte) Only mad people in this daytime and age would do a work about love and infidelity. Lewis an d Julie kiss demonstrating that men too can be unfaithful.In a way, Nick is also unfaithful in his friendship with Lewis. You have enemies for life, but never lovers. Everyone blames women, but I forgive them. If they change their love a thousand times a day, near call it sin, others a drug, but I think its the necessity of womens hearts. Thats how men want us to be even though theyre not true and faithful themselves. Wagner foreshadows what is dismissal to happen to the couples in the future. A life of torment and adultery. Nick justifies his infidelity with were mates, arent we? Nick and Lucy didnt last long as both were not into love and fidelity.?